The author attempts to trace the formation of the main motives of the poem "Arion" in the work of A.S. Pushkin. The author proposes a new approach to the interpretation of the poem as an alternative to the "Decembrist" interpretation or understanding based on the analysis of mythological elements of this text - an interpretation which has become deeply ingrained in school practice. The author focuses on the lyceum message of Pushkin to N.G. Lomonosov (1814), where the images that the poet would later turn to in -Arion? (sea, bark, sail, etc.) are used in a generalized, metaphorical sense. The article also provides an update of some plot features of Orthodox hagiographic literature. In particular, the study considers the fact that Pushkin was familiar with the life of the Monk Bessarion the Wonderworker (mem. June 6, O.S.), an Egyptian saint who became a martyr in the 5th century A.D. There are significant "correlations" between the life of St. Bessarion and the life of Pushkin, who also understood his own uniqueness, even foolishness, the inconsistency of his destiny with ordinary life. This understanding could become the source for the image of the navigator washed ashore after the shipwreck, which is present in the "Arion", and in the life of St. Bessarion. In addition, there is also similarity of the life positions of the saint and the poet: Pushkin also felt an irreplaceable loss, which in his case was not abstractly allegorical, but rather specific, related to the socio-political sphere. Adhering to the social and historical views of N.M. Karamzin in the second half of the 1820s, the poet supported the idea of an enlightened monarchy, based on the clan aristocracy. However, the real social processes contradicted this idea. Perhaps, Arion reflects Pushkin’s thoughts on the transformation of the former class system and the fate of its supporters. The author concludes that the existing interpretations of Arion are not exhaustive, and therefore it is necessary to look for new ways to understand this famous poem
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