The article substantiates the applicability of using Aikhenvald’s method to study the transformation of the image of N.V. Gogol in Russian prose and essays throughout the 20th - 21st centuries. The image of the classic remains 97 relevant to this day due to his special status as a metaphysical writer who can be interpreted in different ways. For example, Gogol interpreted by the modernists of the Silver Age differs from Gogol interpreted by realists and postmodernists. The method of interpretation depends on the historical and philosophical situation in Russia. It is proved that the theory of "empathy" by T. Lipps, which became one of the foundations of psychological aesthetics, supplemented by the irrationalist philosophy of Schopenhauer, allowed the emergence of such a method of research in literature as impressionistic (immanent). Immanent criticism gave some options to separate personality Gogol and the history of Russia to study the Russian classic’s own development and life path. The fate of Yu. Aikhenvald’s method is intermittent and has no direct successors in Russian criticism, despite some intersections with V. Rozanov, A. Sinyavsky and others in the common desire to overcome historicism and sociologism in fiction and understand the writer’s own core tasks. Yu. Aikhenvald’s method, which requires slow reading, allows the reader to become involved in the creative act and write his own work. In the 21-st century, in the criticism of M. Shishkin, the features of the immanent method of research are recognizable, for example, in the essay "The Runner and the Ship", V. Sharov’s Gogol becomes M. Shishkin’s Gogol, and ultimately the reader’s Gogol, undergoing continuous transformations with changing philosophical and cultural landmarks
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