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Title of Article

ON THE MOTIF OF TRANSFIGURATION IN WORKS OF PUSHKIN AND BULGAKOV (FROM THE COMMENTATOR'S NOTES)


Issue
4
Date
2019

Section
CONTEXTS AND DIALOGS

Article type
scientific article
UDC
82
Pages
26-51
Keywords
М.А. Булгаков, А.С. Пушкин, преображение, «Собачье сердце», «Евгений Онегин», «Капитанская дочка», «Борис Годунов», самозванцы, оживающая статуя, M.A. Bulgakov, A.S. Pushkin, Transfiguration, «Heart of a Dog», «Eugene Onegin», «Captain's Daughter», «Boris Godunov», impostors, living statue


Authors
Listov Viktor Semenovich
Novyy institut kulturologii


Abstract
The article confirms the existence of a stable dialogical connection between the works of Mikhail Bulgakov and Alexander Pushkin on the example of separate image and plot parallels. The subject of the study is the motif of transformation, which has a high ideological and artistic value for both writers. Using comparative, contextual, receptive, biographical methods of research, the author comes to the conclusion that the motif is based on the gospel story about the Transfiguration of Christ, the similarity of forms and strategies of rethinking of which in some cases leads to comparability of images and story situations created in the works of Bulgakov and Pushkin. In particular, the metamorphoses occurring with Sharik / Polygraph Sharikov in Bulgakov's novel «Heart of a Dog» give an implicit reference the second verse of the fifth chapter of «Eugene Onegin», which depicts the playful «transformation» of a boy into a «horse» and a dog - into a «lady». The vector of transformation of the position and worldview of Bulgakov's hero brings him closer to Pushkin's impostors (Grigory Otrepiev and especially Yemelyan Pugachev), who through conditional «transformation» also acquired a status previously uncommon to them. In Heart of a Dog, the fates of Sharik and Klim Chugunkin intersect at two points: at the Transfiguration Outpost, where the dog's life begins and Chugunkin's existence is interrupted, and on Professor Preobrazhensky's operating table, where the living and the dead beginnings are artificially combined; as a result, it is the «off-stage» character Chugunkin who becomes the force that organizes the development of the plot, which makes it possible to compare it with Pushkin's images of living sculptures (Commander, statue of Peter I). In addition, Heart of a Dog can be correlated with Pushkin's «Bronze Horseman». These works bring closer the chronotope of the city enveloped by the elements, which is on the verge of death and thereby serves a detailed metaphor of social and cultural-historical transformations (transfigurations) that took place in Russia at different historical stages.

File (in Russian)